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W MERRILL KEY SEAT CUTTING MACHINE. l1\Io.68-9,011`.

Patented Aug. 3l, 1897.

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W. MERRILL. KEY SEAT CUTTING MACHINE.

Patented Aug. 31, 1897.

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W. MERRILL.

KEY SEAT CUTTING MACHINE. No. 589,011. Patented Aug. 31, 1897.

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VILLIAM MERRILL, OF SAGINAV, MICHIGA, SSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO SYLVANISS. MITTS, OF SAMEFLACE.,

KEY-sEAT-CUTTING MACHINE.

SFECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N o. 589,011, dated l*August 31, 1897. Application filed September-17, 1895. Serial No. 562,799. (No model.)

To all wimpy it-11mg 5o/Learn.; y the line 1 1, Fig. 6, showing the feed-bar 10 Be it known that I, WILLIAM MERRILL, a; and its friction-clamp. Fig. 12 is a cross-seccitizen of the United States, residing at Sagi- -tion on line vD D, Fig. 7, showing the post, naw, countyof Saginaw, and State of Michitool-bar, vand feed-bar. Fig. l1 is a section 55 5 gan, have invented new and useful Improveshowing arectangular forni of post. Fig. 18 ments in Key-Seat-Cutting Machines, of is an elevation, partly sectional, of another which the following is a specification. form of feed-bar. and loperating device. Fig. My invention relatesV to improvements in 14 is a cross-section on line K K, Fig. 13. key-seat-cutting machines similar in purpose Figs. 15 and 1G are plan and elevation of a 6o ro to the one upon which UnitedStates Letters bushing. Fig. 17 is an elevation showing Patent were issued September 11, 1888, No. portions of another form of tool-bar and feed- 389,243, and the one described in my applibar. Fig. 21'is a cross-section on the line M cation for United States Letters Patent filed M, Fig. 17. Figs. 1 8, 19, and 20 are three February 23, 1895, vSerial No. 539,425. views of another form of tool-bar and tool. 65 r 5 The objects of my improvements are to fur- Fig. v22 is an elevation, parilyvsectional, of a nish a machine having a fewer number of Vmodified form of cross-head and device for parts and much simpler and cheaper in conholding thel tool-bar and wedge-bar, represtruction andwhichwill dotheworkforwhich senting alsoa key-holding vise attached to it is intended with greater rapidity and ease the table. Fig. 23 is an elevation of a wedge 7o 2o of manipulation, the specialv objects being, Which may be inserted in thekey-holding first, to provide a new form of post which vise asa back-support to the key While being holds and guides the cutting-tool and feedplaned. Fig. 24 is an elevation of the keyingdeviceandalso centers and holdsthe piece holding vise..4 Fig. 25 is a cross-section on which is being key-seated second, to provide the line O O, Fig. 24. Fig. 26 is a cross-sec- 75 25 an improved mechanism for feeding the tool tion on the line N N, Fig. 22. Fig. 27 is an' into the cut and supporting it while cutting; enlarged elevation of clamp for holding the third, to provide improved formsof cuttingtool-bar l1. Fig. 28 is a cross-section on the tools and means for fastening them to the reline P P, Fig. 27. ciprocatingcross-he'ad, fourth, to provideim-- `The same numbers refer to the same parts 8o 3o proved formsof mechanismfor automatically in the different figures. y Y

relieving the'tool'on the back stroke; fifth, 1 represents the frame. to provide an improved device for .disposing 2 is a cross-head reciprocate'd by the pinion of the chips; sixth, to provide an improved 4, which is driven by gears 15 and 16 by form'of vise for holding keys to be planed. means ofadouble frictionclutch,(not shown) 85 3 5 These several improvements are more fully which may be on the extended end of the hereinafter described, and specifically set driving-shaft 17 and which may be operated forth in the claims, and are illustrated by the by the shifter-rod 18 through the levers 28 mechanism shown in the accompanying drawand 80 and the tappet-rod 29. The tappet-rod ings, in Whichmay be operated by the lcross-head in the 9o 4o Figure 1 is a vertical side elevation, partly usual manner. The tool-bar-11'is driven by sectional. Fig. 2 is a rear elevation. Fig. 3 the cross-head 2, asfshown in Fig. 4, and held is a plan, partly sectional. Fig. 4isasection in the cross-head by the feed-bar 10 and of the operating parts of the machine on the spring-hook 8. Two lugs on the cross-head 2 line A A, Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a section of the embrace the screw 14 on each side. (Shown 95 4H operating parts of the machine on the line B more clearly in the modified construction in B, Fig. 1. Figs. 6 and 7 are elevations, partly Fig. 18, Where thelugs of the cross-head emsectional, of some of the principal operating brace the pinion 38.) The screw 14 is recip- Y parts of the machine. Fig. 8 is an elevation, rocated on the splined shaft 19 and engages and Fig. 9 is a plan, partly sectional, on the with the feed-rack 13. To the feed-rack 13 roo 5o line E E, Fig. .8, showing a device for holdis fastened the spring-hook 8, engaging with ing small tool-bars. Fig. 10 isa section on the feed-bar 10, which has on its upper end the feed-wedge (5, abutting against the wedgeshaped surface of the tool 5. The spring-hook 8 is used for convenience, but the feedbar 10 may be fastened to the feed-rack 13 in any other suitable way. Vhen the splined shaft 19 is rotated by means of the miter-gears 2O and the hand-wheel 23 on the screw-shaft 21, the feed-rack 13 is moved downward, draw ing with itthe feed-bar l0 and wedge (3, thereby pushing forward the tool 5. The tool cuts ,only on the downstroke, and to relieve it automatically on the upstroke I use the device shown in Figs. 1, 7, and 13 or the other device shown'in Fig. 6. In the first form, as shown in Figs. 1, 7, and 13, the tool-bar 11 .has a slight vertical motion in the cross-head (shown in Fig. G) the inclination ofthe wedges is reversed and the wedge G is pushed upward by the spring-hook S to feed the tool 5 forward. The notch in the spring 8 being vertically wider than the thickness of the hook end of the feed-bar 10 allows a small amount of-slack motionto the feed-bar 10.

By means of the clamping device shown in Fig. 10 the clamps 34, having on their inner ends suitable friction-plates 35, are clamped by the bolt 4S against the feed-bar 10, thus holding it so that at the end of each stroke the feed-bar slips in the notch of the springhook S to the extent of its slack motion. Thus when the tool is at the lower end of the stroke and begins to go upward the feed-bar 10 is held back by the clamp, and the tool 5 is thereby relieved from the pressure against the cutting edge. At the beginning of the downstrokc the feed-bar is again held by the clamp, andthe tool is pulled down against the wedge t3, thus pushing` it forward into the proper cutting position.

It is obvious that the tool-bar 11 in Fig. 7

' might be hooked into a recess in the crosshead, the recess being slightly wider than the hook f) to allow slack motion. Then the clamp shown in Fig. 10 might have longer jaws to clamp the tool-bar 11 instead of the feed-bar 10. In this case the spring12 would be omitted, and the tool would be relieved on the upstroke by the friction-clamp.

In operation the piece which is to be keyseated is placed over the post 7. If the hole in the piece is larger than the post 7, bushings similar to those shown in Figs. 15 and 16 may be used to hold the piece in its proper position with reference to the post and cutting-tool. If the piece being operated upon is heavy, it needs no fastening. If it is quite light, it may need to be held down by hand or by a clamp or set-collar above it on the post 7. At first the wedge 6 is in such a position that the tool 5 is inside the groove of the post and will not cut, as shown in the drawings. To make it cut, the hand-wheel 23 is turned, turning the splined shaft 19 and the screw 14, thereby moving the feed-rack 13, the feed-bar 10, and the wedge C, so as to push forward the'tool 5. At cach upstroke the tool is automatically relieved either by its own friction or by the friction-clamp, as previously explained. The spring 32 is attached to the frame and has its upper end the exact width of the tool-bar 11 and of the groove in the post 7. The opening in the top of the frame or table 1 is also of the same width as the groove in the post 7, so that all the chips fall on the spring 32 and slide down it, being entirely prevented from falling inside the frame of the machine. The spring 32 serves also to hold the tool-bar 11 back against the fecdwedge G, so that it may not fall forward and catch on the top of the piece being keyseated. The spring 32 by its friction also assists in pulling downward the tool-bar 1l against the spring 12 during the upstroke. A modified form of device for this same purpose is shown in Figs. 22 and 2G, in which 54 is a spout sliding in a dovetailed groove on the under side of the table 1.

To the spout 54E is attached the tongue 55, which is pushed against the tool-bar 11 by the spring 5G, the tongue 55 being closely fitted in the groove of the post 7 and also in the opening of the table 1, so as to prevent the chips from falling inside the frame. I have also used the spring 57, attached to the cross-head 2, as shown in Fig. 22, which serves to hold back the .tool-bar 11, it being understood that the clamps 61 can move laterally a slight amount, and the tool-bar 11 is also fitted loosely in the cross-head 2, so that the upper end of it can move freely forward except as held back by the springs 5G or 57. In some classes of work I also use the spring 53, attached to the tool-bar 11 near its upper end. This spring projects slightly in front of the edge of the tool 5 and in opration slides against the face of the key-seat which is being cut. This spring yields as the tool is pressed forward by the wedge 6 and prevents the tool from catching on the end of the hub.

The shaft 21 in Figs. 2 and 3 is threaded to receive the nut 22, to which is fastened the pointer 25, which moves along the scale 24, thus indicating the amount the tool is fed forward. The taper of the wedge being in t-he ratio of one to four and the screws 14 and 21 being of equal pitch, one inch on the scale indicates one-quarter inch feed of the tool. On the rod 27 is the collar 2G, which may be clamped to form a step for the nut 22, so that when it is desired to key-seat a number of duplicate pieces to the same depth the stop IOO IIO

, tended to be used for holding very small toolbars, say one-halfinch or less in width. The holder 44 corresponds in size with the lower end of the'tool-bar 11, being inserted in the cross-head in place of the regular tool-bar 11. The holder 44 has inserted in it the two hardened-steel jaws 45 and 46 with their inner faces roughened. The jaw 46 has a wedge- `shaped portion, and the action of the spring 47 serves to clamp firmly the small tool-bar 49, which While cutting pulls in the direction to more firmly clamp itself. To loos-en it, it is only necessary to drive it slightly in the opposite direction.

A modiiied form of clamp for holding the tool-bar is shown in Figs. 22, 27, and 28.

. This modification is intended to be used when On account of the wedge shape of the jawsv itis desired to use an extra long large toolbar l1 in connection with a longer post 7 for the purpose of key-seating very long hubs. By using this clamping device the tool-bar 11 may be of indefinite length and may be adjusted to cut a key-seat in a hub considerably elevated above the table, as in widefaced pulleys which have two hubs. In this device the clamp 64 is inserted in the crosshead 2 and is acted upon by the spring 12, as before mentioned, and has in it two steel jaws 62 and 63 with their inner faces roughened and hardened to clamp the tool-bar 11. The jaw 62 is pushed upward by the spring 65.

the tool-bar 1l cannot be pulled upward, but is released by pushing it downward, and by pushing down the jaw 62 the tool-bar may be removed. The feed-bar 10 passes loosely through a slot in the clamp 64 and the jaw 62, the feed-bar 10 being fastened in the proper position by a set-screw 66 in the feedrack 3.

Figs. 18, 19, and 20 show the upper portion of another form of tool-bar 51, having a taper dovetaile'd slot 43, into which is fitted the cutting-tool 42. The greater the pressure against the cutting edge the more firmly it is held. Tools of different widths can be used 4and one can be quickly knocked out with a hammer and another inserted. The end of the tool-bar has the inclined surface 50 in Figs. l, 7, 'and 22 to t against the feedwedge 6.

Figs. 17 and 21 show portions of another form of tool-bar and feed-bar 41 which may be used for slotting. In this form the feedbar is made rectangular, and as there is no spindle to support it it is made heavier, and the upper end is extended beyond the wedge equal to the length of the stroke of the machine, that it may not come out of the slot which is being cut. In operation with this vstyle of tool the cutter is fed forward as far as the wedge will admit, and it' itis desired to go farther a backing-piece may be inserted behind the feed-bar in the slot which is being cut, thus cutting it to any desired width.

Figs. 13 and 14 show a reciprocating spindle 36, grooved to admit the tool-bar 11 and having in it a wedge-shaped portion 37. To feed the tool forward, the spindle 36 is moved downward by means of the gears 38 and 39, the latter being threaded internally to engage with the external screw on the lower end of the spindle 36. It is operated by the shaft 19, as previously explained, the tool being relieved on the upstroke the same as before. In this construction the spindle 36 is extended above the tool equal to the length of the stroke.

Figs. 24, 25, and 22 show different views of a key-holding vise which may be attached to the table of the machine, the upper end of thevise having a perforated projection to receive the top end of the post 7, to which it may be clamped by set-screw 61. The body of the vise has attached to it the steel jaws 59, actuated by the set-screws 60. Between the jaws 59 may be inserted akey which is to be planed. Behind the key and between the jaws maybe insert-ed a taper-piece 52, corresponding to the desired taper of the key. This arrangement makes a very rigid construction, since the upper ends of the .post and vise are attached together and cannot spring apart while Athe tool is cutting.

I am aware that it is not new to use a stationary grooved post with the cutting-tool operating in the groove similar to that shown in United States Patent No. 131,293, in which the tool goes only one way through the keyseat, being removed from the hub and reinserted for each chip taken.

I am also aware of the patent of Williams, No. 10,873, dated May 2, 1854, which machine has no reciprocating feed wedge or device for automatically relieving the tool on the upstroke, and is therefore practically inoperative.

In my construction the feed-wedge is attached to the cross-headand moves with the tool while cutting instead of being stationary, as in the patent cited.

The peculiar arrangementof the cutting and feeding device of my invent-ion admits of the widest range of work being done, it being entirely practical to cut key-seats in holes only one-half inch in diameter of any reasonable length, and also do the largest work ever required. As each piece of work is chucked by its bore it is not necessary to face the ends of the hubs, thereby saving expense, and in practical operation piece after piece can be put on the post, keyseated,and removed without stopping the motion of the tool, thereby giving a capacity much greater than the ma- IOO chines have as formerly made, as shown in the Patent No. 389,213, first cited, and in my former application, as cited, in both of which it is necessary to fasten the work to the table, which usually consumes more time than is required to cut the key-seat.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

I. In a key-seat-cutting machine having a longitudinally-grooved post for centering and holding the work, the combination of the tool 5 and the supporting-wedge G immediately behind the tool 5, with the tool-bar 1l and the feed-bar IO for connecting them to the reciprocating cross-head, substantially as, and for the purpose set forth.

2. In a machine for cutting key-seats, the combination of the stationary grooved post 7, having in the post-groove the simultaneouslyreciprocating tool 5 and supporting-wedge 6, with means for imparting a slight reciprocating motion to the wedge G, separate from its conjoint motion with the tool 5, substantially as, and for the purpose set forth.

In a machine for cutting key-seats, the combination of the tool-bar, and feed-bar having a feed-wedge at one end and attached by a slip-joint at its other end to a reciprocating cross-head, with means for intermittently reciprocating the feed-bar in the cross-head for the purpose of relieving the tool on the back stroke, substantially as described.

-L In a machine for cutting key-seats, the eombin ation of a feed-bar having a feed-wedge at one end, andthe tool-bar attached by a slipjoint to the reciprocating cross-head, with means for intermittently reciprocating the tool-bar in the cross-head, for the purpose of relieving the tool on the back stroke, substantially as described.

5. In a key-seat-cutting machine of the class described, the cross-head 2, having attached to it the tool-bar 1l and the tool 5, in combination with the feed-rack 13 having attached to it the feed-bar l0 and wedge G, with mechanism for moving the feed-rack on the crosshead, substantially as, and for the purpose set forth.

G. In a machine for cutting key-seats, the combination of a pair of simultaneously-reciprocating tool and feed bars, with a frictionclamp attached to one of them toretard it at the beginning of each stroke for the purpose set forth, substantially as described.

7. In a key-seat-cutting machine the combination of a supporting-frame, a reciprocating cross-head having attached to it the toolbar and the feed-bar, with a friction-clamp attached to the supporting-frame substantially as, and for the purpose set forth.

S. In amachine for cutting key-seats, the combination of a reciprocating cross-head having attached to it a tool-bar and feed-bar, with mechanism for checking at the beginning of each stroke of the cross-head the motion of the tool-bar, for the purpose of relieving and setting the tool, substantially as dcscribed.

9. In a machine for cutting key-seats the combination of a reciprocating cross -head having attached to it a tool-bar and a feedbar, with mechanism for checking at the beginning of each stroke of the cross-head the motion of the feed-bar, for the purpose of relieving and setting the tool, substantially as described.

IO. In a machine for cutting key-seats the tool-bar Il, attached by slip-,joint to the reciprocating cross-head, in combination with the spring I2 and the hook S, substantially as, and for the purpose set forth.

Il. In a machine for cutting key-seats, the combination of a stationary grooved post 7 and reciprocating tool-bar 1I, the tongue 55, and the chip-spout 54,substantially as, and for the purpose set forth.

I2. In a machine for cutting key-seats the combination of a grooved post 7, the reciprocating tool-bar Il, and the feed-bar l0, with the wedge 3l inserted behind the feed-bar I0 in the groove of the post 7 substantially as, and for the purpose set forth.

I3. In a key-seat-cutting machine the combination of the supporting-frame I, the spring 56, the tongue 55 and the chip-spout 5t arranged substantially as, and for the purpose set forth.

I4. In a key-seat-cntting machine the combination of a reciprocating cross-head, a pair of wedge-shaped clamping-jaws attached to the cross-head, and the tool-bar held by the clamping-jaws, substantially as described.

I5. In a key-seating machine, the combination of a supporting frame or table, a grooved post, a cutting-tool in the post-groove, and a vise attached by its lower portion to the table, and by its upper portion to the post, substantially as set forth.

WILLIAM MERRILL.

\Vitnesses:

N. DAVIDSON, L. A. ISURLEY. 

